Nigeria has emerged as the leader in Diaspora remittances within Sub-Saharan Africa for the year 2022, receiving an impressive $20.1 billion, representing 38 percent of the total remittance flow to the region.
This figure surpasses that of other countries in the region, including Ghana (11.9 percent), Kenya (8.5 percent), Tanzania (25 percent), Uganda (17.3 percent), and Rwanda (21.2 percent).
According to the World Bank, Nigeria played a pivotal role in contributing to the total remittance flow of an estimated $52.9 billion into Sub-Saharan Africa in 2022.
The increase in remittances has provided significant support to several African nations facing various challenges such as food insecurity, supply chain disruptions, drought (particularly in the Horn of Africa), floods (in countries like Nigeria, Chad, Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali, and Cameroon), and debt-servicing difficulties.
Taking a broader perspective, global remittance flows to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) reached $647 billion. It is projected to experience a modest 1.4 percent increase, reaching $656 billion in 2023.
Highlighting the significance of remittances, the World Bank emphasized that over the past year, remittances have become a major source of external finance for LMICs, surpassing foreign direct investment (FDI), official development assistance (ODA), and portfolio investment flows.
The report also pointed out that in several countries, remittances have overtaken key exports as the primary source of foreign exchange earnings.
For instance, in Kenya, remittances exceed the earnings from critical sectors such as tourism, tea, coffee, and horticulture. Other nations, including the Gambia, Lesotho, Comoros, and Cabo Verde, are also highly dependent on remittance receipts as a proportion of their GDP.
However, the report highlighted that Sub-Saharan Africa continues to face the highest remittance costs globally. Sending $200 to African countries during 2022Q4 incurred an average cost of 8.0 percent, up from 7.8 percent in 2021Q4.
Costs vary widely across the region, ranging from 2.1–4.0 percent in the lowest-cost corridors to a staggering 17–35 percent in the highest-cost corridors.
Notably, banks impose the highest costs, underscoring the importance of cross-border mobile money transactions. Limited interoperability among telecom operators and money transfer operators in countries like Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda poses challenges for such transactions.
Furthermore, the growth of remittance flows into Africa is projected to slow down to 1.3 percent in 2023, compared to 6.1 percent in 2022.
Factors contributing to this slowdown include risks related to capital outflows, foreign exchange controls, and sanctions. South Africa’s placement on the “gray list” by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is also noted. However, remittance flow growth is expected to rebound to 3.7 percent in 2024, according to the World Bank.
